W skrócie:
W czasie Present Perfect Continuous operatorami są "have been", "has been", a czasownik występuje w formie Present Participle - czyli jest to czasownik z końcówką "ing"
Zdań w Present Perfect Continuous używamy aby powiedzieć o tym, co działo się ciągle przez jakiś czas do teraz.
I have been waiting for you here for an hour. - Czekam na Ciebie tutaj od godziny.
Szczegóły:
legenda:
Podmiot
Operator
Czasownik
[Reszta-zdania]
[Fraza-pytająca]
Więcej na temat ogólnej budowy każdego zdania dowiesz się tutaj.
budowa zdania twierdzącego:
You have been watching Peter since I came here .
budowa zdania pytającego:
Have you been watching Peter since I came here ?
Uwaga ! Zwróć uwagę, że operator jest rozdzielony. W zdaniach, gdzi eoperator składa się z dwóch lub więcej słów, zamieniamy z podmiotem tylko pierwsze słowo operatora.
budowa zdania przeczącego:
You haven't been watching Peter since I came here .
"have not" = "haven't"
tabela odmiany zdania przez osoby
Zdanie twierdzące |
Zdanie pytające |
Zdanie przeczące |
I have been writing this article for an hour. | Have I been writing this article for an hour? | I haven't been writing this article for an hour. |
You have been writing this article for an hour. | Have you been writing this article for an hour? | You haven't been writing this article for an hour. |
He has been writing this article for an hour. | Has he been writing this article for an hour? | He hasn't been writing this article for an hour. |
She has been writing this article for an hour. | Has she been writing this article for an hour? | She hasn't been writing this article for an hour. |
We have been writing this article for an hour. | Have we been writing this article for an hour? | We haven't been writing this article for an hour. |
You have been writing this article for an hour. | Have you been writing this article for an hour? | You haven't been writing this article for an hour. |
They have been writing this article for an hour. | Have they been writing this article for an hour? | They haven't been writing this article for an hour. |
zastosowanie czasu Present Perfect Continuous:
Czas ten opisuje wydarzenie/czynność które działo się nieprzerwanie(przez jakiś czas/od jakiegoś czasu) do teraz.
Innymi słowy: opisywana czynność rozpoczęła się w przeszłości, trwała nieprzerwanie i trwa do chwili obecnej,
"I have been writing this article for an hour." - piszę ten artykuł przez godzinę - do teraz
To znaczy, że godzinę temu zacząłem go pisać i nadal jestem w trakcie, lub właśnie kończę.
okoliczniki czasu:
for (two weeks...) - od (dwóch tygodni...) - po słówku for używamy okresu - an hour, 5 hours, three months, a long time, a short time, a moment
I have been working for three hours without a break!
She has been already waiting for you for 3 days.
since (last Monday...) - od (zeszłego poniedziałku...)- po słówku since określamy punkt wczasie od którego ciągnie się dana czynność.
I have been watching Peter since he came here.
Marta has been working since 9 o'clock
already/yet – już
already używamy przed czasownikiem w zdaniach twierdzących i pytających
I have been already siting here for one hour. Have you already been waiting for me for so long?
a yet na końcu zdania pytającego i przeczącego:
Have you been working long yet? No, I haven't been working so long yet.
lately – ostatnio
I've been working a lot lately.
recently – ostatnio
przykłady różnych zdań
- She has been cooking dinner for the past hour.
- They have been finishing their homework since yesterday.
- He has been reading the book for a month.
- We have already been watching that movie.
- It has been raining all day.
- You have been cleaning the house for the last two hours.
- John has been painting the fence recently.
- Maria has been baking a cake since this morning.
- The dog has been eating its food for the last 10 minutes.
- My parents have been going on vacation every year.
- The teacher has been grading the tests since last week.
- The students have been completing the project lately.
- My friend has been moving to a new city recently.
- The cat has been catching mice since we moved here.
- The children have been going to bed earlier lately.
- The team has been winning games since the new coach arrived.
- She has been learning how to play the guitar for three years.
- He has been starting a new job every year.
- We have been planning a trip to the mountains for a year.
- They have been buying new houses for a year.
- The computer has been crashing a lot lately.
- The flowers have been blooming since earlier than usual.
- The chef has been preparing special dishes for the past week.
- I have been losing my keys often lately.
- He has been writing a novel for the past year.
- You have been making a great effort lately.
- The phone has already been ringing for 5 minutes.
- The baby has been falling asleep easily lately.
- The doctor has been examining patients since morning.
- The weather has been changing a lot recently.
- The birds have been flying away since earlier this year.
- The meeting has been starting on time recently.
- The guests have been leaving early lately.
- I have been forgetting the password lately.
- She has been taking beautiful photos recently.
- They have been renovating their kitchen for months.
- He has been repairing his bike since last week.
- We have been decorating the house for the party since yesterday.
- The sun has been setting later lately.
- The music has been playing lately.